ABSTRACT
Background: Burn is one of the factors in the spread of disease. To treat burns, several topical medications are required. This study was performed to evaluate the effects of topical nano zinc oxide on skin burns of adult female mice of NMRI
Materials and methods: 30 adult female mice of the NMRI were placed in groups of control1[without burns], control2 [burns without healing], sham [burns distilled water tween 20], experimental 1 [burns and distilled zinc oxide 300mg], and experimental 2 [burns and distilled zinc oxide 500mg]. In sterile conditions and anesthesia, a wound was created with diameter of one centimeter on the back of each mouse. The mice were treated for 21 days and were easy to draw. The thickness of the horny layer, epidermis, dermis, hypodermis, number of hair follicles and number of dermic vessels and vessel diameter, the diameter of the wound and scar was evaluated
Results: Diameter of scar in all groups revealed reduction [P<0.001] compared to control 2. Thickness of horny epiderm significantly increased [p <0.001] in groups of control 1, sham, experimental 1, and 2 compared to control 2. The thickness of the hypoderm increased in groups of sham [p<0.01], control 1, experimental 1, and 2 [P<0.001] compared to control 2. Thickness of the dermis was larger in groups of control 1, sham, experimental 1, and 2 [P <0.001] in comparison of control 2 group. The number of hair follicles was decreased in control 1 group [P<0.01] and increased in groups of sham [p<0.01], and experimental 1 and 2 [P <0.001] compared to control 2. There were no significant differences in the number of dermic vessels and the diameter of dermic vessels between groups
Conclusion: Results showed that nano zinc oxide had good effects on burned skin layers and hair follicles
ABSTRACT
Background: The rapid development of nanotechnology has given rise to broad applications of nanoparticles [NPs] in biomedicine. This material is distributed in all parts of the body, rapidly after injection, by circulation and reach to all organs and tissues. Before their application as medicine, toxic effects of them on human and animals should be assessed. In this study, the effects of zinc oxide nanoparticle on histopathological changes of epididymis in adult male mice was investigated
Materials and methods: In this experimental study, 30 adult male NMRI mice were used. The animals were assigned as control, sham and three experimental groups [n=6]. Sham and experimental groups received 1ml of distilled water and experimental animals received different doses of nano zinc oxide [250, 500 and 700 mg/kg, i.p. injection, respectively]. Treatments was performed for one day. After a week, effects of zinc oxide nanoparticle on histopathological changes of epididym tissue were studied. Data were analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey test
Results: Administration of zinc oxide nanoparticle in 250 mg/kg dose caused significant reduction in the number of sperm cells. Also, zinc oxide nanoparticle in 250 mg/kg dose lead to degenerated epididymis cells in epididymis tubules. There were no significant changes in diameter of epididymis tubules and number of epididymis tubules
Conclusion: According to the results of this study, zinc oxide nanoparticles may cause adverse effects on the reproductive system. So, we recommend to avoid using products containing nanoparticles of zinc oxide
ABSTRACT
Objective: Apical membrane antigen-1 [AMA-1] is one of the most promising bloodstage candidate antigens for production of a malaria vaccine against the Plasmodium parasite. Genetic diversity in protective antigens, which is a common phenomenon in a complex pathogen such as the Plasmodium parasite, is responsible for problems with the development of an effective malaria vaccine. This phenomenon will increase the parasite's ability to evade immune responses. Therefore, malaria vaccine development requires the evaluation of immune responses to different allelic forms of the vaccine candidate antigens
Methods: In this investigation, the two variant forms of PvAMA-1 [PvAMA-1A and B] were expressed in an Escherichia coli M15-pQE30 system using genomic DNA from Iranian individuals with patent Plasmodium vivax infection. The IgG responses of two antigens were evaluated in BALB/c mice with the purified protein emulsified in Freund's adjuvant. In addition, the correct conformation of the recombinant proteins was evaluated by the indirect immunofluorescence antibody test [IFA]
Results: The evaluation of immunogenic responses of two variant forms of PvAMA-1 showed the presence of IgG responses in mice after three immunizations. Cross-reactions were observed. Monitoring of IgG responses showed the persistence up to one year after the last immunization. The antibodies raised against recombinant PvAMA-1s in injected mice recognized the native protein [PvAMA-1] localized on Plasmodium vivax merozoites
Conclusion: The present outcomes confirmed the presence of common epitopes in recombinant forms of the protein that corresponded to native proteins. These emulsified proteins in Freund's adjuvant were immunogenic in BALB/c mice and IgG responses persisted for up to one year. The IgG responses to two PvAMA-1 variants did not differ significantly. The presence of cross-reactive antibodies has implied that one of these two forms of protein could be used in a universal blood-stage vaccine based on the PvAMA-1 antigen
ABSTRACT
Objective: The apical membrane antigen-1 [AMA-1] is considered as a promising candidate for development of a malaria vaccine against Plasmodium parasites. The correct conformation of this protein appears to be necessary for the stimulation of parasite-inhibitory responses, and these responses, in turn, seem to be antibody-mediated. Therefore, in the present investigation, we expressed the Plasmodium vivax AMA-1 [PvAMA-1] ectodomain in Escherichia coli [E. coli], purified it using standard procedures and characterized it to determine its biological activities for it to be used as a potential target for developing a protective and safe vivax malaria vaccine
Materials and Methods: In this experimental investigation, the ectodomain of PvAMA-1 antigen [GenBank accession no. JX624741] was expressed in the E. coli M15- pQE30 expression system and purified with immobilized-metal affinity chromatography. The correct conformation of the recombinant protein was evaluated by Western blotting and indirect immunofluorescence antibody [IFA] test. In addition, the immunogenic properties of PvAMA-1 were evaluated in BALB/c mice with the purified protein emulsified in Freund's adjuvant
Results: In the present study, the PvAMA-1 ectodomain was expressed at a high-level [65 mg/L] using a bacterial system. Reduced and non-reduced sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis [SDS-PAGE] as well as Western blot analysis confirmed the appropriate conformation and folding of PvAMA-1. The evaluation of immunogenic properties of PvAMA-1 showed that both T helper-1 and 2 cells [Th1 and Th2] responses were present in mice after three immunizations and persisted up to one year after the first immunization. Moreover, the antibodies raised against the recombinant PvAMA-1 in injected mice could recognize the native protein localized on P. vivax parasites
Conclusion: We demonstrate that our recombinant protein had proper conformation and folding. Also, there were common epitopes in the recombinant forms corresponding to native proteins. These results; therefore, indicate that the expressed PvAMA-1 has the potential to be used as a vivax malaria vaccine
ABSTRACT
Stem cells are cells with high regeneration ability and potential to develop into many different cell types in the body. Stem cells are able to differentiate into specialized cell of different tissues in vitro and are used for cell therapy. In the present study, the ability of umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells to differentiate in to cardiomyocytes like cells in vitro was investigated. In this experimental study, the effect of heart extract on differentiation of mesenchimal stem cells was assessed in vitro. First, MSCs were isolated from mouse NMRI umbilical cord on E16-18 and cultured in plate under a humidified atmosphere of 5% CO2 in air at 36.5 C. The day 7-10 of culture, these cells received 40 lambda heart extract from 2 weeks old mice every 4 days. After induction for 21 days, mesenchymal cells started to differentiate into cardiomyocytes like cells. Immunocytochemistry methods were used to detect the expression of alpha smooth muscle actin protein. Morphological changes and immunocytochemistry studies showed the expression of alpha smooth muscle actin and indicated that the MSCs could have the potential to differentiate into cardiomyocytes like cells in vitro. These results indicate that umbilical cord mesenchimal stem cells can differentiate into cardiomyocytes like cells in vitro by some growth factors existing in the heart extract
ABSTRACT
Helicobacter pylori [Pylori] was the most common cause of chronic gastritis and was linked to peptic ulcer disease and gastric cancer. Environmental factors such as water a reservoir of H.pylori which infect human, a Non-culture bacteria in coccoid forms widespread in aquatic environments. The objective of this study was elevating the diagnostic value of PCR and culture methods for diagnosis coccoid forms of H.pylori. ITo induce coccoid forms, ten different strains of H.pylori [H1-H10] were inoculated into 30 drinking water samples. Then, the samples were incubated at three different temperatures of 4°C, 22°C and 37°C for the durations of 30 and 60 days. The samples were cultured on brucella blood agar and DNA was also extracted also from them and PCR performed on samples. Percentage of H.pylori cells detected at specified temperatures by the culture were 0%, 10% and 0% in the first month and were 0%, 10%, 30% in the second month whereas by the PCR molecular method were 30%, 80%, and 30% in the first month and were 20%, 20%, and 40% in the second month, respectively. Finding show PCR methods more capable than culture for detect the coccoid forms of H.pylori, therefore this method could be used to detect non-culture forms
Subject(s)
Polymerase Chain Reaction , Culture TechniquesABSTRACT
Assessments of cell reactions such as motility, orientation and activation to the topography of the substratum will assist with the fabrication of a proper implantable scaffold for future tissue engineering applications. The current challenge is to analyze the orientation effect of elecrospun nanofibers of poly [epsilon-caprolactone] [PCL] on viability and proliferation of mouse embryonic stem cells [mESCs]. In this experimental study, we used the electrospinning method to fabricate nanofibrous PCL scaffolds. Chemical and mechanical characterizations were specified by the contact angle and tensile test. O2 plasma treatment was used to improve surface hydrophilicity. We used the 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide [MTT] assay to evaluate mESCs adhesion and proliferation before and after surface modification. The influence of the orientation of the nanofibers on mESCs growth was evaluated by scanning electron microscopy [SEM]. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way analysis of variance [ANOVA] With differences considered statistically significant at p
Subject(s)
Animals, Laboratory , Polyesters , Caproates , Lactones , Cell Proliferation , Mice , Nanofibers , Tissue ScaffoldsABSTRACT
Nanomaterials include components from 10 to 100 nanometer or even smaller in their size that can transport easily through the skin, lung alveoli or placenta. This research evaluated the effects of nano zinc oxide on limb bud development in fetal mice. In this experimental study, in vivo technique was used. Experimental goups of pregnant mice on day 11 of pregnancy were injected once intraperitoneally nano zinc oxide in doses of 0.5g/kg, 1g/kg and 1.5g/kg. On day 15 of pregnancy, the fetuses were brought out and the fore limb buds were separated from their bodies. The number of mesenchymal cells, cartilage, atrophy, and muscle, hypertrophy, dividing, degenerated cells, bone and red blood cells were analyzed in three regions from hand including fingers, forearm and arm by morphological, histological and statistical analysis. Experimental fetus received 0.5g/kg nano zinc oxide were aborted. Cell counts in all three regions in experimental group2 [that received 1g/kg] and group3 [received 1.5g/kg of nano zinc oxide] showed significant changes in the number of mentioned cells in experimental goups 2 and 3, compared with control and sham [P<0.05, P<0.01, P< 0.001]. Intraperitoneally injection of nano zinc oxide to pregnant mice showed significant effect on fore limb buds development in mice fetus